What is Covenant Theology
A covenant is a legal agreement between two parties, one of which holds power over the other. It outlines the terms of the agreement and the consequences if the lesser party does not meet the terms of the agreement. In biblical times it was often finalized by the lessor party walking between animals that have been cut in half.
Covenant Theology is looking to see how God has been working through the various covenants he has made with different individuals throughout time. In order the covenants are more general and each covenant becomes more specific culminating in the New Covenant with will be made with each individual rather than with a representative of humanity or family.
What are the Covenants?
Adamic – Imago Dei, man is created for relationship with God and to hold dominion over the earth. It also outlines the consequences of disobedience.
Noahic – the world will not be wiped out via flooding for Noah and his descendents (which is every living human). Genesis 9:8-17
Abrahamic – A childless man will become a family, who will become a people by which the world will be blessed, and the chil will come through his wife past the age of childbearig. Genesis 15
Davidic – That his descendents will always be on the throne of Israel. Moving forward, the throne in Judah will have only one dynasty and even with Babylon, the first Jewish govenor was Zerubbabel (II Samuel 7, Haggai 1).
New Covenant – There is going to be a change in the heart of the people. No more is the covenant going to be with people based on their relationship with Abraham and adherence to the Law, but it is going to be about having a personal relationship ith God. This was the point of the Law the entire time, but it is being clearly stated and now encompasses all peoples and isn’t specific to the Hebrew people. Ezekiel 36:26-29; Jeremiah 31:31-34
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